elementwise_functions.hpp

//*****************************************************************************
// Copyright (c) 2024, Intel Corporation
// All rights reserved.
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
// - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// - Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
//   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
//   without specific prior written permission.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
// THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
//*****************************************************************************
 
#pragma once
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <exception>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
#include <sycl/sycl.hpp>
 
#include "dpctl4pybind11.hpp"
#include <pybind11/numpy.h>
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include <pybind11/stl.h>
 
#include "elementwise_functions_type_utils.hpp"
#include "simplify_iteration_space.hpp"
 
// dpctl tensor headers
#include "kernels/alignment.hpp"
#include "utils/memory_overlap.hpp"
#include "utils/offset_utils.hpp"
#include "utils/output_validation.hpp"
#include "utils/sycl_alloc_utils.hpp"
#include "utils/type_dispatch.hpp"
 
static_assert(std::is_same_v<py::ssize_t, dpctl::tensor::ssize_t>);
 
namespace dpnp::extensions::py_internal
{
namespace py = pybind11;
namespace td_ns = dpctl::tensor::type_dispatch;
 
using dpctl::tensor::kernels::alignment_utils::is_aligned;
using dpctl::tensor::kernels::alignment_utils::required_alignment;
 
using type_utils::_result_typeid;
 
template <typename output_typesT,
          typename contig_dispatchT,
          typename strided_dispatchT>
std::pair<sycl::event, sycl::event>
    py_unary_ufunc(const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &src,
                   const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &dst,
                   sycl::queue &q,
                   const std::vector<sycl::event> &depends,
                   //
                   const output_typesT &output_type_vec,
                   const contig_dispatchT &contig_dispatch_vector,
                   const strided_dispatchT &strided_dispatch_vector)
{
    int src_typenum = src.get_typenum();
    int dst_typenum = dst.get_typenum();
 
    const auto &array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
    int src_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(src_typenum);
    int dst_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(dst_typenum);
 
    int func_output_typeid = output_type_vec[src_typeid];
 
    // check that types are supported
    if (dst_typeid != func_output_typeid) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Destination array has unexpected elemental data type.");
    }
 
    // check that queues are compatible
    if (!dpctl::utils::queues_are_compatible(q, {src, dst})) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Execution queue is not compatible with allocation queues");
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(dst);
 
    // check that dimensions are the same
    int src_nd = src.get_ndim();
    if (src_nd != dst.get_ndim()) {
        throw py::value_error("Array dimensions are not the same.");
    }
 
    // check that shapes are the same
    const py::ssize_t *src_shape = src.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *dst_shape = dst.get_shape_raw();
    bool shapes_equal(true);
    std::size_t src_nelems(1);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < src_nd; ++i) {
        src_nelems *= static_cast<std::size_t>(src_shape[i]);
        shapes_equal = shapes_equal && (src_shape[i] == dst_shape[i]);
    }
    if (!shapes_equal) {
        throw py::value_error("Array shapes are not the same.");
    }
 
    // if nelems is zero, return
    if (src_nelems == 0) {
        return std::make_pair(sycl::event(), sycl::event());
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(dst, src_nelems);
 
    // check memory overlap
    auto const &overlap = dpctl::tensor::overlap::MemoryOverlap();
    auto const &same_logical_tensors =
        dpctl::tensor::overlap::SameLogicalTensors();
    if (overlap(src, dst) && !same_logical_tensors(src, dst)) {
        throw py::value_error("Arrays index overlapping segments of memory");
    }
 
    const char *src_data = src.get_data();
    char *dst_data = dst.get_data();
 
    // handle contiguous inputs
    bool is_src_c_contig = src.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_src_f_contig = src.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_dst_c_contig = dst.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_dst_f_contig = dst.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool both_c_contig = (is_src_c_contig && is_dst_c_contig);
    bool both_f_contig = (is_src_f_contig && is_dst_f_contig);
 
    if (both_c_contig || both_f_contig) {
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_vector[src_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn == nullptr) {
            throw std::runtime_error(
                "Contiguous implementation is missing for src_typeid=" +
                std::to_string(src_typeid));
        }
 
        auto comp_ev = contig_fn(q, src_nelems, src_data, dst_data, depends);
        sycl::event ht_ev =
            dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(q, {src, dst}, {comp_ev});
 
        return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
    }
 
    // simplify iteration space
    //     if 1d with strides 1 - input is contig
    //     dispatch to strided
 
    auto const &src_strides = src.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &dst_strides = dst.get_strides_vector();
 
    using shT = std::vector<py::ssize_t>;
    shT simplified_shape;
    shT simplified_src_strides;
    shT simplified_dst_strides;
    py::ssize_t src_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t dst_offset(0);
 
    int nd = src_nd;
    const py::ssize_t *shape = src_shape;
 
    simplify_iteration_space(nd, shape, src_strides, dst_strides,
                             // output
                             simplified_shape, simplified_src_strides,
                             simplified_dst_strides, src_offset, dst_offset);
 
    if (nd == 1 && simplified_src_strides[0] == 1 &&
        simplified_dst_strides[0] == 1) {
        // Special case of contiguous data
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_vector[src_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn == nullptr) {
            throw std::runtime_error(
                "Contiguous implementation is missing for src_typeid=" +
                std::to_string(src_typeid));
        }
 
        int src_elem_size = src.get_elemsize();
        int dst_elem_size = dst.get_elemsize();
        auto comp_ev =
            contig_fn(q, src_nelems, src_data + src_elem_size * src_offset,
                      dst_data + dst_elem_size * dst_offset, depends);
 
        sycl::event ht_ev =
            dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(q, {src, dst}, {comp_ev});
 
        return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
    }
 
    // Strided implementation
    auto strided_fn = strided_dispatch_vector[src_typeid];
 
    if (strided_fn == nullptr) {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            "Strided implementation is missing for src_typeid=" +
            std::to_string(src_typeid));
    }
 
    using dpctl::tensor::offset_utils::device_allocate_and_pack;
 
    std::vector<sycl::event> host_tasks{};
    host_tasks.reserve(2);
 
    auto ptr_size_event_triple_ = device_allocate_and_pack<py::ssize_t>(
        q, host_tasks, simplified_shape, simplified_src_strides,
        simplified_dst_strides);
    auto shape_strides_owner = std::move(std::get<0>(ptr_size_event_triple_));
    const auto &copy_shape_ev = std::get<2>(ptr_size_event_triple_);
    const py::ssize_t *shape_strides = shape_strides_owner.get();
 
    sycl::event strided_fn_ev =
        strided_fn(q, src_nelems, nd, shape_strides, src_data, src_offset,
                   dst_data, dst_offset, depends, {copy_shape_ev});
 
    // async free of shape_strides temporary
    sycl::event tmp_cleanup_ev = dpctl::tensor::alloc_utils::async_smart_free(
        q, {strided_fn_ev}, shape_strides_owner);
 
    host_tasks.push_back(tmp_cleanup_ev);
 
    return std::make_pair(
        dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(q, {src, dst}, host_tasks),
        strided_fn_ev);
}
 
template <typename output_typesT>
py::object py_unary_ufunc_result_type(const py::dtype &input_dtype,
                                      const output_typesT &output_types)
{
    int tn = input_dtype.num(); // NumPy type numbers are the same as in dpctl
    int src_typeid = -1;
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
 
    try {
        src_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(tn);
    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
        throw py::value_error(e.what());
    }
 
    int dst_typeid = _result_typeid(src_typeid, output_types);
    if (dst_typeid < 0) {
        auto res = py::none();
        return py::cast<py::object>(res);
    }
    else {
        using type_utils::_dtype_from_typenum;
 
        auto dst_typenum_t = static_cast<td_ns::typenum_t>(dst_typeid);
        auto dt = _dtype_from_typenum(dst_typenum_t);
 
        return py::cast<py::object>(dt);
    }
}
 
template <typename output_typesT,
          typename contig_dispatchT,
          typename strided_dispatchT>
std::pair<sycl::event, sycl::event>
    py_unary_two_outputs_ufunc(const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &src,
                               const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &dst1,
                               const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &dst2,
                               sycl::queue &q,
                               const std::vector<sycl::event> &depends,
                               //
                               const output_typesT &output_type_vec,
                               const contig_dispatchT &contig_dispatch_vector,
                               const strided_dispatchT &strided_dispatch_vector)
{
    int src_typenum = src.get_typenum();
    int dst1_typenum = dst1.get_typenum();
    int dst2_typenum = dst2.get_typenum();
 
    const auto &array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
    int src_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(src_typenum);
    int dst1_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(dst1_typenum);
    int dst2_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(dst2_typenum);
 
    std::pair<int, int> func_output_typeids = output_type_vec[src_typeid];
 
    // check that types are supported
    if (dst1_typeid != func_output_typeids.first ||
        dst2_typeid != func_output_typeids.second) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "One of destination arrays has unexpected elemental data type.");
    }
 
    // check that queues are compatible
    if (!dpctl::utils::queues_are_compatible(q, {src, dst1, dst2})) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Execution queue is not compatible with allocation queues");
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(dst1);
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(dst2);
 
    // check that dimensions are the same
    int src_nd = src.get_ndim();
    if (src_nd != dst1.get_ndim() || src_nd != dst2.get_ndim()) {
        throw py::value_error("Array dimensions are not the same.");
    }
 
    // check that shapes are the same
    const py::ssize_t *src_shape = src.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *dst1_shape = dst1.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *dst2_shape = dst2.get_shape_raw();
    bool shapes_equal(true);
    std::size_t src_nelems(1);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < src_nd; ++i) {
        src_nelems *= static_cast<std::size_t>(src_shape[i]);
        shapes_equal = shapes_equal && (src_shape[i] == dst1_shape[i]) &&
                       (src_shape[i] == dst2_shape[i]);
    }
    if (!shapes_equal) {
        throw py::value_error("Array shapes are not the same.");
    }
 
    // if nelems is zero, return
    if (src_nelems == 0) {
        return std::make_pair(sycl::event(), sycl::event());
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(dst1,
                                                               src_nelems);
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(dst2,
                                                               src_nelems);
 
    // check memory overlap
    auto const &overlap = dpctl::tensor::overlap::MemoryOverlap();
    auto const &same_logical_tensors =
        dpctl::tensor::overlap::SameLogicalTensors();
    if ((overlap(src, dst1) && !same_logical_tensors(src, dst1)) ||
        (overlap(src, dst2) && !same_logical_tensors(src, dst2)) ||
        (overlap(dst1, dst2) && !same_logical_tensors(dst1, dst2))) {
        throw py::value_error("Arrays index overlapping segments of memory");
    }
 
    const char *src_data = src.get_data();
    char *dst1_data = dst1.get_data();
    char *dst2_data = dst2.get_data();
 
    // handle contiguous inputs
    bool is_src_c_contig = src.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_src_f_contig = src.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_dst1_c_contig = dst1.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_dst1_f_contig = dst1.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_dst2_c_contig = dst2.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_dst2_f_contig = dst2.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool all_c_contig =
        (is_src_c_contig && is_dst1_c_contig && is_dst2_c_contig);
    bool all_f_contig =
        (is_src_f_contig && is_dst1_f_contig && is_dst2_f_contig);
 
    if (all_c_contig || all_f_contig) {
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_vector[src_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn == nullptr) {
            throw std::runtime_error(
                "Contiguous implementation is missing for src_typeid=" +
                std::to_string(src_typeid));
        }
 
        auto comp_ev =
            contig_fn(q, src_nelems, src_data, dst1_data, dst2_data, depends);
        sycl::event ht_ev =
            dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(q, {src, dst1, dst2}, {comp_ev});
 
        return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
    }
 
    // simplify iteration space
    //     if 1d with strides 1 - input is contig
    //     dispatch to strided
 
    auto const &src_strides = src.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &dst1_strides = dst1.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &dst2_strides = dst2.get_strides_vector();
 
    using shT = std::vector<py::ssize_t>;
    shT simplified_shape;
    shT simplified_src_strides;
    shT simplified_dst1_strides;
    shT simplified_dst2_strides;
    py::ssize_t src_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t dst1_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t dst2_offset(0);
 
    int nd = src_nd;
    const py::ssize_t *shape = src_shape;
 
    simplify_iteration_space_3(
        nd, shape, src_strides, dst1_strides, dst2_strides,
        // output
        simplified_shape, simplified_src_strides, simplified_dst1_strides,
        simplified_dst2_strides, src_offset, dst1_offset, dst2_offset);
 
    if (nd == 1 && simplified_src_strides[0] == 1 &&
        simplified_dst1_strides[0] == 1 && simplified_dst2_strides[0] == 1) {
        // Special case of contiguous data
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_vector[src_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn == nullptr) {
            throw std::runtime_error(
                "Contiguous implementation is missing for src_typeid=" +
                std::to_string(src_typeid));
        }
 
        int src_elem_size = src.get_elemsize();
        int dst1_elem_size = dst1.get_elemsize();
        int dst2_elem_size = dst2.get_elemsize();
        auto comp_ev =
            contig_fn(q, src_nelems, src_data + src_elem_size * src_offset,
                      dst1_data + dst1_elem_size * dst1_offset,
                      dst2_data + dst2_elem_size * dst2_offset, depends);
 
        sycl::event ht_ev =
            dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(q, {src, dst1, dst2}, {comp_ev});
 
        return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
    }
 
    // Strided implementation
    auto strided_fn = strided_dispatch_vector[src_typeid];
 
    if (strided_fn == nullptr) {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            "Strided implementation is missing for src_typeid=" +
            std::to_string(src_typeid));
    }
 
    using dpctl::tensor::offset_utils::device_allocate_and_pack;
 
    std::vector<sycl::event> host_tasks{};
    host_tasks.reserve(2);
 
    auto ptr_size_event_triple_ = device_allocate_and_pack<py::ssize_t>(
        q, host_tasks, simplified_shape, simplified_src_strides,
        simplified_dst1_strides, simplified_dst2_strides);
    auto shape_strides_owner = std::move(std::get<0>(ptr_size_event_triple_));
    const auto &copy_shape_ev = std::get<2>(ptr_size_event_triple_);
    const py::ssize_t *shape_strides = shape_strides_owner.get();
 
    sycl::event strided_fn_ev = strided_fn(
        q, src_nelems, nd, shape_strides, src_data, src_offset, dst1_data,
        dst1_offset, dst2_data, dst2_offset, depends, {copy_shape_ev});
 
    // async free of shape_strides temporary
    sycl::event tmp_cleanup_ev = dpctl::tensor::alloc_utils::async_smart_free(
        q, {strided_fn_ev}, shape_strides_owner);
 
    host_tasks.push_back(tmp_cleanup_ev);
 
    return std::make_pair(
        dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(q, {src, dst1, dst2}, host_tasks),
        strided_fn_ev);
}
 
template <typename output_typesT>
std::pair<py::object, py::object>
    py_unary_two_outputs_ufunc_result_type(const py::dtype &input_dtype,
                                           const output_typesT &output_types)
{
    int tn = input_dtype.num(); // NumPy type numbers are the same as in dpctl
    int src_typeid = -1;
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
 
    try {
        src_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(tn);
    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
        throw py::value_error(e.what());
    }
 
    std::pair<int, int> dst_typeids = _result_typeid(src_typeid, output_types);
    int dst1_typeid = dst_typeids.first;
    int dst2_typeid = dst_typeids.second;
 
    if (dst1_typeid < 0 || dst2_typeid < 0) {
        auto res = py::none();
        auto py_res = py::cast<py::object>(res);
        return std::make_pair(py_res, py_res);
    }
    else {
        using type_utils::_dtype_from_typenum;
 
        auto dst1_typenum_t = static_cast<td_ns::typenum_t>(dst1_typeid);
        auto dst2_typenum_t = static_cast<td_ns::typenum_t>(dst2_typeid);
        auto dt1 = _dtype_from_typenum(dst1_typenum_t);
        auto dt2 = _dtype_from_typenum(dst2_typenum_t);
 
        return std::make_pair(py::cast<py::object>(dt1),
                              py::cast<py::object>(dt2));
    }
}
 
// ======================== Binary functions ===========================
 
namespace
{
template <class Container, class T>
bool isEqual(Container const &c, std::initializer_list<T> const &l)
{
    return std::equal(std::begin(c), std::end(c), std::begin(l), std::end(l));
}
} // namespace
 
template <typename output_typesT,
          typename contig_dispatchT,
          typename strided_dispatchT,
          typename contig_matrix_row_dispatchT,
          typename contig_row_matrix_dispatchT>
std::pair<sycl::event, sycl::event> py_binary_ufunc(
    const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &src1,
    const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &src2,
    const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &dst, // dst = op(src1, src2), elementwise
    sycl::queue &exec_q,
    const std::vector<sycl::event> &depends,
    //
    const output_typesT &output_type_table,
    const contig_dispatchT &contig_dispatch_table,
    const strided_dispatchT &strided_dispatch_table,
    const contig_matrix_row_dispatchT
        &contig_matrix_row_broadcast_dispatch_table,
    const contig_row_matrix_dispatchT
        &contig_row_matrix_broadcast_dispatch_table)
{
    // check type_nums
    int src1_typenum = src1.get_typenum();
    int src2_typenum = src2.get_typenum();
    int dst_typenum = dst.get_typenum();
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
    int src1_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(src1_typenum);
    int src2_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(src2_typenum);
    int dst_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(dst_typenum);
 
    int output_typeid = output_type_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
    if (output_typeid != dst_typeid) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Destination array has unexpected elemental data type.");
    }
 
    // check that queues are compatible
    if (!dpctl::utils::queues_are_compatible(exec_q, {src1, src2, dst})) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Execution queue is not compatible with allocation queues");
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(dst);
 
    // check shapes, broadcasting is assumed done by caller
    // check that dimensions are the same
    int dst_nd = dst.get_ndim();
    if (dst_nd != src1.get_ndim() || dst_nd != src2.get_ndim()) {
        throw py::value_error("Array dimensions are not the same.");
    }
 
    // check that shapes are the same
    const py::ssize_t *src1_shape = src1.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *src2_shape = src2.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *dst_shape = dst.get_shape_raw();
    bool shapes_equal(true);
    std::size_t src_nelems(1);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < dst_nd; ++i) {
        src_nelems *= static_cast<std::size_t>(src1_shape[i]);
        shapes_equal = shapes_equal && (src1_shape[i] == dst_shape[i] &&
                                        src2_shape[i] == dst_shape[i]);
    }
    if (!shapes_equal) {
        throw py::value_error("Array shapes are not the same.");
    }
 
    // if nelems is zero, return
    if (src_nelems == 0) {
        return std::make_pair(sycl::event(), sycl::event());
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(dst, src_nelems);
 
    auto const &overlap = dpctl::tensor::overlap::MemoryOverlap();
    auto const &same_logical_tensors =
        dpctl::tensor::overlap::SameLogicalTensors();
    if ((overlap(src1, dst) && !same_logical_tensors(src1, dst)) ||
        (overlap(src2, dst) && !same_logical_tensors(src2, dst))) {
        throw py::value_error("Arrays index overlapping segments of memory");
    }
    // check memory overlap
    const char *src1_data = src1.get_data();
    const char *src2_data = src2.get_data();
    char *dst_data = dst.get_data();
 
    // handle contiguous inputs
    bool is_src1_c_contig = src1.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_src1_f_contig = src1.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_src2_c_contig = src2.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_src2_f_contig = src2.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_dst_c_contig = dst.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_dst_f_contig = dst.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool all_c_contig =
        (is_src1_c_contig && is_src2_c_contig && is_dst_c_contig);
    bool all_f_contig =
        (is_src1_f_contig && is_src2_f_contig && is_dst_f_contig);
 
    // dispatch for contiguous inputs
    if (all_c_contig || all_f_contig) {
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn != nullptr) {
            auto comp_ev = contig_fn(exec_q, src_nelems, src1_data, 0,
                                     src2_data, 0, dst_data, 0, depends);
            sycl::event ht_ev = dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                exec_q, {src1, src2, dst}, {comp_ev});
 
            return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
        }
    }
 
    // simplify strides
    auto const &src1_strides = src1.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &src2_strides = src2.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &dst_strides = dst.get_strides_vector();
 
    using shT = std::vector<py::ssize_t>;
    shT simplified_shape;
    shT simplified_src1_strides;
    shT simplified_src2_strides;
    shT simplified_dst_strides;
    py::ssize_t src1_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t src2_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t dst_offset(0);
 
    int nd = dst_nd;
    const py::ssize_t *shape = src1_shape;
 
    simplify_iteration_space_3(
        nd, shape, src1_strides, src2_strides, dst_strides,
        // outputs
        simplified_shape, simplified_src1_strides, simplified_src2_strides,
        simplified_dst_strides, src1_offset, src2_offset, dst_offset);
 
    std::vector<sycl::event> host_tasks{};
    if (nd < 3) {
        static constexpr auto unit_stride =
            std::initializer_list<py::ssize_t>{1};
 
        if ((nd == 1) && isEqual(simplified_src1_strides, unit_stride) &&
            isEqual(simplified_src2_strides, unit_stride) &&
            isEqual(simplified_dst_strides, unit_stride)) {
            auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
            if (contig_fn != nullptr) {
                auto comp_ev = contig_fn(exec_q, src_nelems, src1_data,
                                         src1_offset, src2_data, src2_offset,
                                         dst_data, dst_offset, depends);
                sycl::event ht_ev = dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                    exec_q, {src1, src2, dst}, {comp_ev});
 
                return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
            }
        }
        if (nd == 2) {
            static constexpr auto zero_one_strides =
                std::initializer_list<py::ssize_t>{0, 1};
            static constexpr auto one_zero_strides =
                std::initializer_list<py::ssize_t>{1, 0};
            static constexpr py::ssize_t one{1};
            // special case of C-contiguous matrix and a row
            if (isEqual(simplified_src2_strides, zero_one_strides) &&
                isEqual(simplified_src1_strides, {simplified_shape[1], one}) &&
                isEqual(simplified_dst_strides, {simplified_shape[1], one})) {
                auto matrix_row_broadcast_fn =
                    contig_matrix_row_broadcast_dispatch_table[src1_typeid]
                                                              [src2_typeid];
                if (matrix_row_broadcast_fn != nullptr) {
                    int src1_itemsize = src1.get_elemsize();
                    int src2_itemsize = src2.get_elemsize();
                    int dst_itemsize = dst.get_elemsize();
 
                    if (is_aligned<required_alignment>(
                            src1_data + src1_offset * src1_itemsize) &&
                        is_aligned<required_alignment>(
                            src2_data + src2_offset * src2_itemsize) &&
                        is_aligned<required_alignment>(
                            dst_data + dst_offset * dst_itemsize)) {
                        std::size_t n0 = simplified_shape[0];
                        std::size_t n1 = simplified_shape[1];
                        sycl::event comp_ev = matrix_row_broadcast_fn(
                            exec_q, host_tasks, n0, n1, src1_data, src1_offset,
                            src2_data, src2_offset, dst_data, dst_offset,
                            depends);
 
                        return std::make_pair(
                            dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                                exec_q, {src1, src2, dst}, host_tasks),
                            comp_ev);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (isEqual(simplified_src1_strides, one_zero_strides) &&
                isEqual(simplified_src2_strides, {one, simplified_shape[0]}) &&
                isEqual(simplified_dst_strides, {one, simplified_shape[0]})) {
                auto row_matrix_broadcast_fn =
                    contig_row_matrix_broadcast_dispatch_table[src1_typeid]
                                                              [src2_typeid];
                if (row_matrix_broadcast_fn != nullptr) {
 
                    int src1_itemsize = src1.get_elemsize();
                    int src2_itemsize = src2.get_elemsize();
                    int dst_itemsize = dst.get_elemsize();
 
                    if (is_aligned<required_alignment>(
                            src1_data + src1_offset * src1_itemsize) &&
                        is_aligned<required_alignment>(
                            src2_data + src2_offset * src2_itemsize) &&
                        is_aligned<required_alignment>(
                            dst_data + dst_offset * dst_itemsize)) {
                        std::size_t n0 = simplified_shape[1];
                        std::size_t n1 = simplified_shape[0];
                        sycl::event comp_ev = row_matrix_broadcast_fn(
                            exec_q, host_tasks, n0, n1, src1_data, src1_offset,
                            src2_data, src2_offset, dst_data, dst_offset,
                            depends);
 
                        return std::make_pair(
                            dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                                exec_q, {src1, src2, dst}, host_tasks),
                            comp_ev);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // dispatch to strided code
    auto strided_fn = strided_dispatch_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
    if (strided_fn == nullptr) {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            "Strided implementation is missing for src1_typeid=" +
            std::to_string(src1_typeid) +
            " and src2_typeid=" + std::to_string(src2_typeid));
    }
 
    using dpctl::tensor::offset_utils::device_allocate_and_pack;
    auto ptr_sz_event_triple_ = device_allocate_and_pack<py::ssize_t>(
        exec_q, host_tasks, simplified_shape, simplified_src1_strides,
        simplified_src2_strides, simplified_dst_strides);
    auto shape_strides_owner = std::move(std::get<0>(ptr_sz_event_triple_));
    auto &copy_shape_ev = std::get<2>(ptr_sz_event_triple_);
 
    const py::ssize_t *shape_strides = shape_strides_owner.get();
 
    sycl::event strided_fn_ev = strided_fn(
        exec_q, src_nelems, nd, shape_strides, src1_data, src1_offset,
        src2_data, src2_offset, dst_data, dst_offset, depends, {copy_shape_ev});
 
    // async free of shape_strides temporary
    sycl::event tmp_cleanup_ev = dpctl::tensor::alloc_utils::async_smart_free(
        exec_q, {strided_fn_ev}, shape_strides_owner);
 
    host_tasks.push_back(tmp_cleanup_ev);
 
    return std::make_pair(
        dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(exec_q, {src1, src2, dst}, host_tasks),
        strided_fn_ev);
}
 
template <typename output_typesT>
py::object py_binary_ufunc_result_type(const py::dtype &input1_dtype,
                                       const py::dtype &input2_dtype,
                                       const output_typesT &output_types_table)
{
    int tn1 = input1_dtype.num(); // NumPy type numbers are the same as in dpctl
    int tn2 = input2_dtype.num(); // NumPy type numbers are the same as in dpctl
    int src1_typeid = -1;
    int src2_typeid = -1;
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
 
    try {
        src1_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(tn1);
        src2_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(tn2);
    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
        throw py::value_error(e.what());
    }
 
    if (src1_typeid < 0 || src1_typeid >= td_ns::num_types || src2_typeid < 0 ||
        src2_typeid >= td_ns::num_types) {
        throw std::runtime_error("binary output type lookup failed");
    }
    int dst_typeid = output_types_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
    if (dst_typeid < 0) {
        auto res = py::none();
        return py::cast<py::object>(res);
    }
    else {
        using type_utils::_dtype_from_typenum;
 
        auto dst_typenum_t = static_cast<td_ns::typenum_t>(dst_typeid);
        auto dt = _dtype_from_typenum(dst_typenum_t);
 
        return py::cast<py::object>(dt);
    }
}
 
template <typename output_typesT,
          typename contig_dispatchT,
          typename strided_dispatchT>
std::pair<sycl::event, sycl::event>
    py_binary_two_outputs_ufunc(const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &src1,
                                const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &src2,
                                const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &dst1,
                                const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &dst2,
                                sycl::queue &exec_q,
                                const std::vector<sycl::event> &depends,
                                //
                                const output_typesT &output_types_table,
                                const contig_dispatchT &contig_dispatch_table,
                                const strided_dispatchT &strided_dispatch_table)
{
    // check type_nums
    int src1_typenum = src1.get_typenum();
    int src2_typenum = src2.get_typenum();
    int dst1_typenum = dst1.get_typenum();
    int dst2_typenum = dst2.get_typenum();
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
    int src1_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(src1_typenum);
    int src2_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(src2_typenum);
    int dst1_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(dst1_typenum);
    int dst2_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(dst2_typenum);
 
    std::pair<int, int> output_typeids =
        output_types_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
    if (dst1_typeid != output_typeids.first ||
        dst2_typeid != output_typeids.second) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "One of destination arrays has unexpected elemental data type.");
    }
 
    // check that queues are compatible
    if (!dpctl::utils::queues_are_compatible(exec_q,
                                             {src1, src2, dst1, dst2})) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Execution queue is not compatible with allocation queues");
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(dst1);
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(dst2);
 
    // check shapes, broadcasting is assumed done by caller
    // check that dimensions are the same
    int src1_nd = src1.get_ndim();
    int src2_nd = src2.get_ndim();
    int dst1_nd = dst1.get_ndim();
    int dst2_nd = dst2.get_ndim();
 
    if (dst1_nd != src1_nd || dst1_nd != src2_nd || dst1_nd != dst2_nd) {
        throw py::value_error("Array dimensions are not the same.");
    }
 
    // check that shapes are the same
    const py::ssize_t *src1_shape = src1.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *src2_shape = src2.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *dst1_shape = dst1.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *dst2_shape = dst2.get_shape_raw();
    bool shapes_equal(true);
    std::size_t src_nelems(1);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < dst1_nd; ++i) {
        const auto &sh_i = dst1_shape[i];
        src_nelems *= static_cast<std::size_t>(src1_shape[i]);
        shapes_equal =
            shapes_equal && (src1_shape[i] == sh_i && src2_shape[i] == sh_i &&
                             dst2_shape[i] == sh_i);
    }
    if (!shapes_equal) {
        throw py::value_error("Array shapes are not the same.");
    }
 
    // if nelems is zero, return
    if (src_nelems == 0) {
        return std::make_pair(sycl::event(), sycl::event());
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(dst1,
                                                               src_nelems);
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(dst2,
                                                               src_nelems);
 
    // check memory overlap
    auto const &overlap = dpctl::tensor::overlap::MemoryOverlap();
    auto const &same_logical_tensors =
        dpctl::tensor::overlap::SameLogicalTensors();
    if ((overlap(src1, dst1) && !same_logical_tensors(src1, dst1)) ||
        (overlap(src1, dst2) && !same_logical_tensors(src1, dst2)) ||
        (overlap(src2, dst1) && !same_logical_tensors(src2, dst1)) ||
        (overlap(src2, dst2) && !same_logical_tensors(src2, dst2)) ||
        (overlap(dst1, dst2))) {
        throw py::value_error("Arrays index overlapping segments of memory");
    }
 
    const char *src1_data = src1.get_data();
    const char *src2_data = src2.get_data();
    char *dst1_data = dst1.get_data();
    char *dst2_data = dst2.get_data();
 
    // handle contiguous inputs
    bool is_src1_c_contig = src1.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_src1_f_contig = src1.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_src2_c_contig = src2.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_src2_f_contig = src2.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_dst1_c_contig = dst1.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_dst1_f_contig = dst1.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_dst2_c_contig = dst2.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_dst2_f_contig = dst2.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool all_c_contig = (is_src1_c_contig && is_src2_c_contig &&
                         is_dst1_c_contig && is_dst2_c_contig);
    bool all_f_contig = (is_src1_f_contig && is_src2_f_contig &&
                         is_dst1_f_contig && is_dst2_f_contig);
 
    // dispatch for contiguous inputs
    if (all_c_contig || all_f_contig) {
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn != nullptr) {
            auto comp_ev =
                contig_fn(exec_q, src_nelems, src1_data, 0, src2_data, 0,
                          dst1_data, 0, dst2_data, 0, depends);
            sycl::event ht_ev = dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                exec_q, {src1, src2, dst1, dst2}, {comp_ev});
 
            return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
        }
    }
 
    // simplify strides
    auto const &src1_strides = src1.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &src2_strides = src2.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &dst1_strides = dst1.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &dst2_strides = dst2.get_strides_vector();
 
    using shT = std::vector<py::ssize_t>;
    shT simplified_shape;
    shT simplified_src1_strides;
    shT simplified_src2_strides;
    shT simplified_dst1_strides;
    shT simplified_dst2_strides;
    py::ssize_t src1_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t src2_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t dst1_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t dst2_offset(0);
 
    int nd = dst1_nd;
    const py::ssize_t *shape = src1_shape;
 
    simplify_iteration_space_4(
        nd, shape, src1_strides, src2_strides, dst1_strides, dst2_strides,
        // outputs
        simplified_shape, simplified_src1_strides, simplified_src2_strides,
        simplified_dst1_strides, simplified_dst2_strides, src1_offset,
        src2_offset, dst1_offset, dst2_offset);
 
    std::vector<sycl::event> host_tasks{};
    static constexpr auto unit_stride = std::initializer_list<py::ssize_t>{1};
 
    if ((nd == 1) && isEqual(simplified_src1_strides, unit_stride) &&
        isEqual(simplified_src2_strides, unit_stride) &&
        isEqual(simplified_dst1_strides, unit_stride) &&
        isEqual(simplified_dst2_strides, unit_stride)) {
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn != nullptr) {
            auto comp_ev =
                contig_fn(exec_q, src_nelems, src1_data, src1_offset, src2_data,
                          src2_offset, dst1_data, dst1_offset, dst2_data,
                          dst2_offset, depends);
            sycl::event ht_ev = dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                exec_q, {src1, src2, dst1, dst2}, {comp_ev});
 
            return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
        }
    }
 
    // dispatch to strided code
    auto strided_fn = strided_dispatch_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
 
    if (strided_fn == nullptr) {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            "Strided implementation is missing for src1_typeid=" +
            std::to_string(src1_typeid) +
            " and src2_typeid=" + std::to_string(src2_typeid));
    }
 
    using dpctl::tensor::offset_utils::device_allocate_and_pack;
    auto ptr_sz_event_triple_ = device_allocate_and_pack<py::ssize_t>(
        exec_q, host_tasks, simplified_shape, simplified_src1_strides,
        simplified_src2_strides, simplified_dst1_strides,
        simplified_dst2_strides);
    auto shape_strides_owner = std::move(std::get<0>(ptr_sz_event_triple_));
    auto &copy_shape_ev = std::get<2>(ptr_sz_event_triple_);
 
    const py::ssize_t *shape_strides = shape_strides_owner.get();
 
    sycl::event strided_fn_ev =
        strided_fn(exec_q, src_nelems, nd, shape_strides, src1_data,
                   src1_offset, src2_data, src2_offset, dst1_data, dst1_offset,
                   dst2_data, dst2_offset, depends, {copy_shape_ev});
 
    // async free of shape_strides temporary
    sycl::event tmp_cleanup_ev = dpctl::tensor::alloc_utils::async_smart_free(
        exec_q, {strided_fn_ev}, shape_strides_owner);
    host_tasks.push_back(tmp_cleanup_ev);
 
    return std::make_pair(dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                              exec_q, {src1, src2, dst1, dst2}, host_tasks),
                          strided_fn_ev);
}
 
template <typename output_typesT>
std::pair<py::object, py::object> py_binary_two_outputs_ufunc_result_type(
    const py::dtype &input1_dtype,
    const py::dtype &input2_dtype,
    const output_typesT &output_types_table)
{
    int tn1 = input1_dtype.num(); // NumPy type numbers are the same as in dpctl
    int tn2 = input2_dtype.num(); // NumPy type numbers are the same as in dpctl
    int src1_typeid = -1;
    int src2_typeid = -1;
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
 
    try {
        src1_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(tn1);
        src2_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(tn2);
    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
        throw py::value_error(e.what());
    }
 
    if (src1_typeid < 0 || src1_typeid >= td_ns::num_types || src2_typeid < 0 ||
        src2_typeid >= td_ns::num_types) {
        throw std::runtime_error("binary output type lookup failed");
    }
    std::pair<int, int> dst_typeids =
        output_types_table[src1_typeid][src2_typeid];
    int dst1_typeid = dst_typeids.first;
    int dst2_typeid = dst_typeids.second;
 
    if (dst1_typeid < 0 || dst2_typeid < 0) {
        auto res = py::none();
        auto py_res = py::cast<py::object>(res);
        return std::make_pair(py_res, py_res);
    }
    else {
        using type_utils::_dtype_from_typenum;
 
        auto dst1_typenum_t = static_cast<td_ns::typenum_t>(dst1_typeid);
        auto dst2_typenum_t = static_cast<td_ns::typenum_t>(dst2_typeid);
        auto dt1 = _dtype_from_typenum(dst1_typenum_t);
        auto dt2 = _dtype_from_typenum(dst2_typenum_t);
 
        return std::make_pair(py::cast<py::object>(dt1),
                              py::cast<py::object>(dt2));
    }
}
 
// ==================== Inplace binary functions =======================
 
template <typename output_typesT,
          typename contig_dispatchT,
          typename strided_dispatchT,
          typename contig_row_matrix_dispatchT>
std::pair<sycl::event, sycl::event>
    py_binary_inplace_ufunc(const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &lhs,
                            const dpctl::tensor::usm_ndarray &rhs,
                            sycl::queue &exec_q,
                            const std::vector<sycl::event> &depends,
                            //
                            const output_typesT &output_type_table,
                            const contig_dispatchT &contig_dispatch_table,
                            const strided_dispatchT &strided_dispatch_table,
                            const contig_row_matrix_dispatchT
                                &contig_row_matrix_broadcast_dispatch_table)
{
    dpctl::tensor::validation::CheckWritable::throw_if_not_writable(lhs);
 
    // check type_nums
    int rhs_typenum = rhs.get_typenum();
    int lhs_typenum = lhs.get_typenum();
 
    auto array_types = td_ns::usm_ndarray_types();
    int rhs_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(rhs_typenum);
    int lhs_typeid = array_types.typenum_to_lookup_id(lhs_typenum);
 
    int output_typeid = output_type_table[rhs_typeid][lhs_typeid];
 
    if (output_typeid != lhs_typeid) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Left-hand side array has unexpected elemental data type.");
    }
 
    // check that queues are compatible
    if (!dpctl::utils::queues_are_compatible(exec_q, {rhs, lhs})) {
        throw py::value_error(
            "Execution queue is not compatible with allocation queues");
    }
 
    // check shapes, broadcasting is assumed done by caller
    // check that dimensions are the same
    int lhs_nd = lhs.get_ndim();
    if (lhs_nd != rhs.get_ndim()) {
        throw py::value_error("Array dimensions are not the same.");
    }
 
    // check that shapes are the same
    const py::ssize_t *rhs_shape = rhs.get_shape_raw();
    const py::ssize_t *lhs_shape = lhs.get_shape_raw();
    bool shapes_equal(true);
    std::size_t rhs_nelems(1);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < lhs_nd; ++i) {
        rhs_nelems *= static_cast<std::size_t>(rhs_shape[i]);
        shapes_equal = shapes_equal && (rhs_shape[i] == lhs_shape[i]);
    }
    if (!shapes_equal) {
        throw py::value_error("Array shapes are not the same.");
    }
 
    // if nelems is zero, return
    if (rhs_nelems == 0) {
        return std::make_pair(sycl::event(), sycl::event());
    }
 
    dpctl::tensor::validation::AmpleMemory::throw_if_not_ample(lhs, rhs_nelems);
 
    // check memory overlap
    auto const &same_logical_tensors =
        dpctl::tensor::overlap::SameLogicalTensors();
    auto const &overlap = dpctl::tensor::overlap::MemoryOverlap();
    if (overlap(rhs, lhs) && !same_logical_tensors(rhs, lhs)) {
        throw py::value_error("Arrays index overlapping segments of memory");
    }
    // check memory overlap
    const char *rhs_data = rhs.get_data();
    char *lhs_data = lhs.get_data();
 
    // handle contiguous inputs
    bool is_rhs_c_contig = rhs.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_rhs_f_contig = rhs.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool is_lhs_c_contig = lhs.is_c_contiguous();
    bool is_lhs_f_contig = lhs.is_f_contiguous();
 
    bool both_c_contig = (is_rhs_c_contig && is_lhs_c_contig);
    bool both_f_contig = (is_rhs_f_contig && is_lhs_f_contig);
 
    // dispatch for contiguous inputs
    if (both_c_contig || both_f_contig) {
        auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_table[rhs_typeid][lhs_typeid];
 
        if (contig_fn != nullptr) {
            auto comp_ev = contig_fn(exec_q, rhs_nelems, rhs_data, 0, lhs_data,
                                     0, depends);
            sycl::event ht_ev =
                dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(exec_q, {rhs, lhs}, {comp_ev});
 
            return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
        }
    }
 
    // simplify strides
    auto const &rhs_strides = rhs.get_strides_vector();
    auto const &lhs_strides = lhs.get_strides_vector();
 
    using shT = std::vector<py::ssize_t>;
    shT simplified_shape;
    shT simplified_rhs_strides;
    shT simplified_lhs_strides;
    py::ssize_t rhs_offset(0);
    py::ssize_t lhs_offset(0);
 
    int nd = lhs_nd;
    const py::ssize_t *shape = rhs_shape;
 
    simplify_iteration_space(nd, shape, rhs_strides, lhs_strides,
                             // outputs
                             simplified_shape, simplified_rhs_strides,
                             simplified_lhs_strides, rhs_offset, lhs_offset);
 
    std::vector<sycl::event> host_tasks{};
    if (nd < 3) {
        static constexpr auto unit_stride =
            std::initializer_list<py::ssize_t>{1};
 
        if ((nd == 1) && isEqual(simplified_rhs_strides, unit_stride) &&
            isEqual(simplified_lhs_strides, unit_stride)) {
            auto contig_fn = contig_dispatch_table[rhs_typeid][lhs_typeid];
 
            if (contig_fn != nullptr) {
                auto comp_ev =
                    contig_fn(exec_q, rhs_nelems, rhs_data, rhs_offset,
                              lhs_data, lhs_offset, depends);
                sycl::event ht_ev = dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                    exec_q, {rhs, lhs}, {comp_ev});
 
                return std::make_pair(ht_ev, comp_ev);
            }
        }
        if (nd == 2) {
            static constexpr auto one_zero_strides =
                std::initializer_list<py::ssize_t>{1, 0};
            static constexpr py::ssize_t one{1};
            // special case of C-contiguous matrix and a row
            if (isEqual(simplified_rhs_strides, one_zero_strides) &&
                isEqual(simplified_lhs_strides, {one, simplified_shape[0]})) {
                auto row_matrix_broadcast_fn =
                    contig_row_matrix_broadcast_dispatch_table[rhs_typeid]
                                                              [lhs_typeid];
                if (row_matrix_broadcast_fn != nullptr) {
                    std::size_t n0 = simplified_shape[1];
                    std::size_t n1 = simplified_shape[0];
                    sycl::event comp_ev = row_matrix_broadcast_fn(
                        exec_q, host_tasks, n0, n1, rhs_data, rhs_offset,
                        lhs_data, lhs_offset, depends);
 
                    return std::make_pair(dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(
                                              exec_q, {lhs, rhs}, host_tasks),
                                          comp_ev);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // dispatch to strided code
    auto strided_fn = strided_dispatch_table[rhs_typeid][lhs_typeid];
 
    if (strided_fn == nullptr) {
        throw std::runtime_error(
            "Strided implementation is missing for rhs_typeid=" +
            std::to_string(rhs_typeid) +
            " and lhs_typeid=" + std::to_string(lhs_typeid));
    }
 
    using dpctl::tensor::offset_utils::device_allocate_and_pack;
    auto ptr_sz_event_triple_ = device_allocate_and_pack<py::ssize_t>(
        exec_q, host_tasks, simplified_shape, simplified_rhs_strides,
        simplified_lhs_strides);
    auto shape_strides_owner = std::move(std::get<0>(ptr_sz_event_triple_));
    auto copy_shape_ev = std::get<2>(ptr_sz_event_triple_);
 
    const py::ssize_t *shape_strides = shape_strides_owner.get();
 
    sycl::event strided_fn_ev =
        strided_fn(exec_q, rhs_nelems, nd, shape_strides, rhs_data, rhs_offset,
                   lhs_data, lhs_offset, depends, {copy_shape_ev});
 
    // async free of shape_strides temporary
    sycl::event tmp_cleanup_ev = dpctl::tensor::alloc_utils::async_smart_free(
        exec_q, {strided_fn_ev}, shape_strides_owner);
 
    host_tasks.push_back(tmp_cleanup_ev);
 
    return std::make_pair(
        dpctl::utils::keep_args_alive(exec_q, {rhs, lhs}, host_tasks),
        strided_fn_ev);
}
} // namespace dpnp::extensions::py_internal